> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.minstroem.app/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Data interpretation

> Understand missing readings, estimates, and calculated amounts.

## Missing is not zero

Readings are returned in time order. Some intervals may be missing, or the result may be empty. A missing reading means the value is unknown, not zero.

For a request covering 10:00–13:00 UTC, this synthetic hourly response contains **no information** about 11:00–12:00:

```json theme={null}
{
  "addressId": "2b4bf7a8-b5d0-45ab-8d42-3a5688bba167",
  "from": "2026-09-05T10:00:00Z",
  "to": "2026-09-05T13:00:00Z",
  "aggregation": "hour",
  "timeZone": "Europe/Copenhagen",
  "data": [
    {
      "start": "2026-09-05T10:00:00Z",
      "end": "2026-09-05T11:00:00Z",
      "energyKWh": 1.2,
      "isEstimate": false
    },
    {
      "start": "2026-09-05T12:00:00Z",
      "end": "2026-09-05T13:00:00Z",
      "energyKWh": 0,
      "isEstimate": false
    }
  ]
}
```

The returned energy sums to 1.2 kWh, but that is not a verified total for the three-hour period. The second row reports a known zero; the missing middle row does not.

A `200` response means the request succeeded, **not that the period is complete**. Keep missing intervals unknown in charts and reports, including when working with daily or larger totals.

## Estimates and nulls

`isEstimate: true` marks estimated data. Forecast responses always carry this flag.

`null` means a value is unavailable. For example:

* Unknown variable price charges are null, not zero.
* Cost/revenue effective rates are null when energy is zero, even when fixed fees or monetary amounts exist.
* Missing grid or supplier names are null.

Do not silently substitute zero for a null component.

## Energy, currency, and VAT

`energyKWh` is measured in kWh. Monetary responses state `currency` and `vatIncluded`.

Prices and consumption costs include VAT. Solar-export revenue excludes VAT. Rates are currency per kWh; fixed fees and totals are amounts in the stated currency: DKK, SEK, or NOK.

Prices reflect the available price components for your address and may differ from the amount on your bill.

## Calculated costs and revenue

Consumption `totalCost` includes fixed fees; solar `netRevenue` is the amount after fixed fees. The effective `totalPricePerKWh` excludes fixed fees and is `null` at zero energy. Rates and amounts can be negative.

For example, 2 kWh, a total cost of 4.60 DKK, and fixed fees of 0.10 DKK give an effective rate of 2.25 DKK/kWh. See the [cost](/consumer-api/reference/consumption-costs) and [revenue](/consumer-api/reference/solar-export-revenue) references for field definitions.

## Price precision and billing

Historical and forecast `totalPricePerKWh` and `variableChargesPerKWh` are rounded to three decimal places. Trailing zeros may be omitted: 1.2 and 1.200 represent the same value.

For example, a rate of 1.2344 appears as 1.234. Multiplying the rounded price by 100 kWh gives 123.40 rather than 123.44. Use the cost or revenue endpoint for calculated amounts.

Reported totals cover the available data and may differ from your complete bill.